when entering account data, android performs verification and returns to the account confirmation page. (password and login are correct)

I fixed the problem by going through the settings in the account profile, but when using services when he asked for a confirmation code, for some reason it did not work, it was through the settings and the profile that you need.

This is called FRP blocking from Google and it is not so simple with it. If you are sure that the mail and password are correct and you have not changed the password for the last 72 hours, then repeat the reset to the factory settings or what you did there, and then try again. If the reset does not help, then most likely this is either a software failure and then you need to flash the phone, or the mail is still not correct !! If nothing helps, then just look for a solution to bypass this blocking or contact the ASC of your manufacturer

What data, what account? Google account or another account for another service?

If you log in to Google Play, then there is a problem with access to the servers, possibly bad internet or congestion. Try to either find a good fast internet connection, or repeat the procedure later. Or reset the settings and repeat everything again. If something does not work, then there should be errors indicating the cause of the problem.

If there are no errors, and when entering the login and password, they are simply discarded to the previous step, then this is the blocking of the Google account itself on a specific phone - FRP. Defeating it is not so easy. Here you need to either find a flaw in the device firmware by third-party ways in order to authorize from another workspace, or flash the phone with another firmware. Or take it to the SC.